Basics of ROS and application to system development using ROS2

What is ROS?

ROS, which stands for Robot Operating System, is not actually an operating system.
Instead, it’s a flexible framework for writing robot software.
This middle-ware offers a collection of tools, libraries, and conventions aimed at simplifying the complex process of creating robotic applications.
Essentially, ROS provides the plumbing you need to control a robot efficiently — from communication frameworks to hardware abstraction tools.

ROS comes with a distributed computing system, which means it enables different parts or packages of a robotic system to interact.
These services include hardware abstraction, low-level device control, and message-passing between processes.
It’s quite comprehensive in providing services for software processes.

The Evolution from ROS to ROS2

The initial version of ROS was released in 2007, and since then, it has evolved considerably.
With the requirements of modern systems changing and the need for increased scalability, the limitations of the original ROS became apparent.

This led to the creation of ROS2, which improves upon the original framework with features supporting real-time computing, secure communications, and enhanced control.
ROS2, with its modular architecture, is designed to work seamlessly with commercial off-the-shelf parts, helping developers to focus on system functionality rather than communication protocols.

ROS2 also caters to a broader spectrum of robotics applications that need greater flexibility and scalability in industries beyond traditional robotics.
It’s more suited to deploy autonomous vehicles, drones, and other off-world applications.

Applications of ROS and ROS2

The use of ROS and ROS2 in system development is widespread across various domains.
They offer the tools necessary for complex system integration, simulation, and control.
Below are some primary applications where ROS and ROS2 play a pivotal role:

1. Autonomous Vehicles

Both ROS and ROS2 are heavily used in the development of autonomous vehicles.
With the capability for real-time data processing and control, these systems can integrate sensors, cameras, and LiDAR to develop navigation algorithms and safety protocols.

ROS2, with its robust communication capabilities, is crucial for scaling to wider applications in this field, ensuring reliable and real-time data transmission across various nodes.

2. Industrial Automation

In industrial settings, robots are expected to work with precision and reliability.
ROS offers tools that can help automate tasks like machine learning integration and process optimization.
ROS2 further enhances this by supporting industrial standards, reducing latency, and providing reliable frameworks for scalability.

3. Research and Education

Due to its open-source nature, ROS is a favorite among researchers and educators.
It provides a standardized set of protocols that simplify collaborative development and experimentation.
Students and researchers can easily implement their algorithms and contribute to the goals of the community.
ROS2 provides additional support with simulation and prototype testing in educational contexts.

4. Consumer Robotics

ROS has a significant role in consumer robots, such as robotic vacuum cleaners and personal assistants.
With ROS2, manufacturers can easily integrate new technology and features, ensuring the robots have the ability to adapt to various environments and tasks.

Key Features and Components of ROS2

ROS2 distinguishes itself with several key features that make it ideal for modern applications.

Real-time Capabilities

Real-time processing is essential, especially in safety-critical applications like autonomous driving.
ROS2 supports real-time computing, allowing developers to create systems that can efficiently handle and process extensive data streams.

Security Features

Given the increased connectivity and data exchange required in today’s applications, security becomes paramount.
ROS2 incorporates security features such as encryption and authentication to secure communications.

Enhanced Communication

ROS2 introduces DDS (Data Distribution Service) as a default middleware, facilitating communication between distributed systems and ensuring minimal latency.
DDS is highly useful in environments where fast data processing and transfer are crucial.

Improved Support for Multi-platform deployment

Unlike its predecessor, ROS2 supports operating systems that include Windows, OS X, and Real-time OS, in addition to Linux, making it versatile and widely applicable across diverse computing environments.

Building a System with ROS2

System development using ROS2 requires careful consideration of various factors, including design architecture, scalability, and application-specific requirements.

Step 1: Define the System Requirements

Before diving into development, it’s crucial to outline what the robotic system should achieve.
This includes understanding what problem the robot is supposed to solve, the tasks it needs to perform, and the limitations it operates within.

Step 2: Choose Suitable Tools and Libraries

ROS2 provides a vast array of tools and libraries, but selecting which to use depends on the specific needs of your project.
Take into account factors like sensor integration, control strategies, and simulation needs.

Step 3: Hardware Integration

Hardware should be chosen based on the operational requirements defined earlier.
ROS2’s hardware abstraction capability helps integrate various sensors and devices efficiently, facilitating swift data exchange and processing across systems.

Step 4: Testing and Simulation

Regular testing and simulation are important to ensure system robustness.
ROS2 packages, such as Gazebo and RViz, offer dynamic simulation environments allowing developers to iterate and refine their systems before physical deployment.

Step 5: Deployment and Iteration

Once tested successfully in simulation environments, systems can be deployed physically.
Continuously updating and iterating based on real-world performance is essential to maintain optimal functionality.

Conclusion

ROS and ROS2 efficiently enhance the development and deployment of robotic systems.
Their versatility, combined with robust tools and community support, makes them the go-to frameworks for researchers, educators, and industry professionals alike.
With ROS2’s advancements in real-time capability, security, and multi-platform deployment, the possibilities are vast and continue to grow as both small and large projects adapt and innovate using these powerful tools.