Types of Metal Detectors and How to Select One

Metal detecting can be a fun hobby and a practical way to find valuable items like coins and jewelry.
To get started, you need to choose the right metal detector.
There are many types of metal detectors available, each designed for different purposes.
Understanding these types can help you make a smart choice.

Different Types of Metal Detectors

There are several types of metal detectors, each suitable for different settings and needs.
Let’s look at some of them.

1. Very Low Frequency (VLF) Metal Detectors

VLF metal detectors are the most popular among hobbyists.
They are excellent for finding coins, jewelry, and relics in areas like parks, beaches, and old home sites.
VLF metal detectors use two coils: a transmitter coil and a receiver coil.
These coils work together to detect metal objects in the ground.
VLF detectors are known for their accuracy and ability to discriminate between different types of metals.
This means they can differentiate between valuable items and junk.

2. Pulse Induction (PI) Metal Detectors

PI metal detectors are ideal for searching in saltwater environments, like beaches, and for deep-sea diving.
Unlike VLF detectors, PI detectors use a single coil to send pulses into the ground.
These pulses create a magnetic field that detects metal objects.
PI detectors are known for their deep-seeking abilities and can detect metal objects buried deeper than VLF detectors.
However, they are less capable of discriminating between different types of metals.

3. Beat Frequency Oscillation (BFO) Metal Detectors

BFO metal detectors are simpler and more affordable compared to VLF and PI types.
They are often used by beginners and those looking for a budget-friendly option.
BFO detectors use two coils: a search coil and an internal reference coil.
The device compares the signals from these two coils to detect metal objects.
BFO detectors are not as precise or deep-seeking as VLF and PI detectors, but they are easy to use and can be a good starting point for new hobbyists.

4. Multi-Frequency Metal Detectors

Multi-frequency metal detectors can operate at multiple frequencies simultaneously.
This feature makes them versatile and effective in various detecting environments.
They are suitable for both beginners and experienced detectorists who want a device that can handle different conditions.
Multi-frequency detectors offer the benefits of both VLF and PI types, including good depth and accurate discrimination.

Factors to Consider When Choosing a Metal Detector

When selecting a metal detector, consider several factors to ensure you get the right one.
Here are some key points to keep in mind.

1. Budget

Your budget will play a significant role in determining which metal detector you can buy.
Prices can range from around $100 for basic models to several thousand dollars for advanced ones.
Decide how much you are willing to spend and look for models within that price range.
Remember, a higher price often means better features and capabilities, but even budget-friendly models can be effective for casual use.

2. Purpose

Think about what you want to use the metal detector for.
Are you looking for coins and jewelry in parks, or do you plan to search for relics in old battlefields?
Will you be using it on the beach or in the water?
Different metal detectors are designed for different purposes, so choose one that matches your intended use.

3. Discrimination

Discrimination is the ability of a metal detector to distinguish between different types of metals.
Higher-end models usually offer better discrimination capabilities.
If you are searching for valuable items like coins and jewelry, you will want a detector with good discrimination to avoid digging up junk.

4. Depth

How deep do you need your metal detector to search?
VLF detectors are generally good for shallow to medium depths, while PI detectors can reach deeper targets.
Consider the depth capabilities of the detector and choose one that suits your needs.

5. Ground Balance

Ground balance is an important feature that helps the detector handle mineralized soil.
Some areas have high mineral content that can interfere with detecting metal objects.
A metal detector with good ground balance can filter out these mineral signals, making it easier to find valuable items.

6. Weight and Ergonomics

Metal detecting can involve hours of walking and swinging the detector.
Choose a model that is lightweight and comfortable to use.
Look for features like adjustable shafts and ergonomic handles to make your detecting experience more enjoyable.

7. Additional Features

Consider additional features that might be useful for your detecting activities.
Some metal detectors come with waterproof coils, built-in pinpointers, or wireless headphones.
These features can enhance your detecting experience and make it more efficient.

Conclusion

Choosing the right metal detector involves understanding the different types and considering factors like budget, purpose, and features.
VLF detectors are excellent for everyday use and offer good discrimination.
PI detectors are great for deep-sea searches and saltwater environments.
BFO detectors are simple and budget-friendly but less precise.
Multi-frequency detectors offer versatility and can handle various conditions.

By considering factors such as budget, purpose, discrimination, depth, ground balance, weight, and additional features, you can select the metal detector that best suits your needs.
No matter which type you choose, metal detecting can be a rewarding and exciting hobby.
Happy hunting!